There are two elements to the practical work that students must carry out in their study of alevel biology, chemistry and physics. This is accomplished by dissolving the acid in warm ethyl alcohol, adding cold water, and then allowing it to recrystallize in. Place a spatula tip of your purified aspirin in a 2ml glass vial gcms vial and dissolve it in 1ml of ethanol. Aspirin, one of the first drugs to come into common usage, is still mostly the widely used in the world approximately 35,000 metric tonnes are produced and consumed annually, enough to make over 100 billion standard aspirin tablets every year. The narrower the range and the closer the students value to 6 c, the purer the sample. You will be able to see how two very different organic compounds can be made from the same common starting material.
The use of aspirin had its origin in the 18th century, when it was found that an extract from the. They therefore stop your body making prostaglandins, some of which stimulate. From experience to design the science behind aspirin. Weve only produced setup guides for activities 1 to 11 for as and alevel chemistry. Willow bark contains salicylic acid, which is the active. Making aspirin in alevel chemistry meoncross school. However the acid is too damaging on the mouth and stomach to be taken directly pka1 2. With a separate spotter for each compound, spot a tlc plate with each solution as outlined in the diagram below.
When you see that prostaglandins induce inflammation, pain, and fever, what comes to mind but aspirin. Austin peay state university department of chemistry chem 1121 synthesis of aspirin and oil of wintergreen revision f8 page 3 of 7 procedure synthesis of aspirin 1. This reaction would be very slow without a catalyst. Next, we have to prepare recrystallisation of aspirin. It is aimed to be used after you complete your gcse, throughout the remainder of the summer term and over the summer holidays to ensure you are ready to start your course in september. It also contains information about other experiments that often occur in alevel examinations. An interactive manual for science education, sserc, 2002. Cambridge international as and a level chemistry book pdf. Pdf preparing a pure aspirin acetylsalicylic acid researchgate.
Department of chemistry, american university, washington, d. In the uk, all such medicines are formulated from just four active ingredients aspirin, paracetamol, codeine and. There is also a great similarity between acid anhydrides and acyl chlorides acid chlorides as far as these reactions are concerned. Practical 6 using thin layer chromatography to separate the pigments in chlorophyll. The first step of the synthesis involves mixing salicylic acid with ethanoic anhydride. Pdf this aim of this experiment focuses on the synthesis of pure aspirin acetylsalicylic. After eons of prehistory as folk remedy, aspirin emerged in 1899 in one of the worlds first industrial research laboratories. Through practical work we are able to make sense of new information and observations.
A level chemistry course description awarding body. This resource is strictly for the use of member schools for as long as they remain members of the pixl club. The aspirin is formed when you reflux ethanoic anhydride, phosphoric acid, and 2hydroxybenzoic acid together for 15 minutes. Aspirin hc9h7o4 or c9h8o4 cid 2244 structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities.
H 2 so 4 use a dropper, h 2 so 4 is highly corrosive and swirl the flask gently until the salicylic acid dissolves heat the flask gently on the steam bath for at least 10 minutes. Do not lose this container or its contents, you will use them later. Aspirin is probably the most well known of the analgesic pain relieving agents. Take a small amount of the aspirin tablet and dissolve as much as you can in 3 drops of ethyl acetate. Analytical, transition metals, electrochemistry and organic nirtrogen chemistry. Now set the yintercept to 0 and check the display equation box. The aim of the experiment is to introduce nmr spectroscopy into a traditional undergraduate organic chemistry experiment. As part of your a level course you will be expected to prepare an organic solid, so even if youre not specifically making aspirin, a lot of the techniques and safety considerations are similar. Aspirin is only slightly soluble in water and acidic solutions such as is present in the stomach. Cambridge international as and a level chemistry book free download pdf. A curriculum resource for post16 chemistry and science courses. Aspirin book resource rsc education royal society of chemistry. Practical 4 the preparation of aspirin practical 5 the preparation of ethyl ethanoate practical 6 using thin layer chromatography to separate the pigments in chlorophyll. After germany lost world war i, bayer was forced to give it up as part of the treaty of versailles in 1919.
Synthesis of aspirin experiment chemistry libretexts. You need to cover activities 1 to 6 for as and 1 to 12 for alevel. It is divided into separate sections for as and a level making it ideal for students studying both the as and the a level and also those taking the as. Students undertake the synthesis and analysis of aspirin. This pack contains a programme of activities and resources to prepare you to start an a level in chemistry in september. These have been agreed by all awarding organisations aos, so all students will have. The procedure is intended for manufacturing on a large scale 100 kg. Organic synthesis of aspirin abstract the purpose of this experiment is to synthesize a common organic product called acetylsalicylic acid aspirin, and to become familiar with the optimum conditions needed for successful yields. Student safety sheets 26 salicylic acid, aspirin, salol. Nowadays, salicylic acid is administered in the form of aspirin which is less irritating to the stomach than salicylic acid.
You can also buy a copy of this book via the royal society of chemistry online shop for. It is often used to relieve minor aches and pains, reduce fever and as an antiinflammatory medication. Aspirin blocks an enzyme called cyclooxygenase, cox1 and cox2, which is involved with the ring closure and addition of. Aspirin originally was derived by boiling the bark of the white willow tree. Make up a volumetric solution and carry out a simple acidbase titration. Practical 4 determination of an enthalpy of neutralisation. Pearson education ltd 2016 this document may have been altered from the original 1. The average tablet contains about 325 milligrams of the active ingredient acetylsalicylic acid combined with an inert binding material such as starch. In the presence of moisture, aspirin may decompose hydrolysis into salicylic acid and acetic acid. Aspirin synthesis routes and referencing for my chemistry alevel at college i have to do a research piece on different synthesis routes of aspirin from the starting material. It is the twostep synthesis of aspirin starting from oil of wintergreen. If not, then look for one of aspirins many cousins, pain killers that, despite their long and widespread usages, never cease to make headline news.
As and alevel chemistry as 7404 alevel 7405 required practical handbook. Synthesise aspirin from 2hydroxybenzoic acid objectives to perform and explain the reactions of acid anhydrides to synthesise aspirin from 2hydroxybenzoic acid safety perform the experiment in a wellventilated room. Aspirin is the common name for the compound acetylsalicylic acid, widely used as a fever. This page looks at the reactions of acid anhydrides with water, alcohols and phenols including the manufacture of aspirin. Experiment 8 synthesis of aspirin aspirin is an effective analgesic pain reliever, antipyretic fever reducer and antiinflammatory agent and is one of the most widely used nonprescription drugs.
Unsubscribe from north carolina school of science and mathematics. A guide to help you get ready for alevel chemistry, including everything from topic guides to days out and online learning courses. Aqa examinations paper 1 physical and inorganic, related practical skills 2 hours, 35% of the alevel, short and long answers paper 2 physical and organic, related practical skills 2 hours, 35% of the alevel, short and long answers paper 3 any content any practical skill 2 hours, 30% of the alevel, questions on practical techniques, data. You may be asked to describe these experiments in details or be asked about reasons for doing individual steps. This crude aspirin can then be isolated by filtration. Practical work in reformed alevel biology, chemistry and physics. Aspirin contains polar functional groups which can form hydrogen bonds with polar water molecules.
Pure acetyl salicylic acid aspirin synthesis chemistry ch3 o ch3 o o acetic. Synthesizing aspirin and oil of wintergreen purpose in this experiment, you will synthesize acetylsalicylic acid, commonly known as aspirin, and methyl salicylate, oil of wintergreen, from salicylic acid. Transition pack for a level chemistry bullers wood girls. Quenching the reaction mixture with cold water forces the crude aspirin out of solution. This book contains eight freestanding activities that can be used singly or as a coherent package in a wide range of teaching and learning situations for both academic and vocational courses. These reactions are all considered together because their chemistry is so similar. The mechanism for this synthesis provides examples of three major classes of chemical reactions. Aspirin is used to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and lower fever. Testing for reproducibility as regards to yield and purity of aspirin. Although the salicin in willow bark has analgesic properties, purified salicylic acid was bitter and irritating when taken orally. Due to its wide range of uses, the demand for this pharmaceutical is very high. The use of salicylic acid to alleviate pain has been known for thousands of years from the extracts of willow bark. Aspirin is more soluble in basic alkaline solutions, so it readily dissolves in. Practical guide aqa this guide includes details about the required practicals for alevel chemistry.
Sp11 1021 synthesis of aspirin and oil of wintergreen. Chemistry practicals in the sixth form laboratory are mostly conducted in the fume cupboard. Transition pack for a level chemistry get ready for alevel. The crude product aspirin prepared is relatively impure and may be purified by recrystallisation. An experiment is described that is suitable for the early portion of the laboratory in a general chemistry course and integrates organic examples. By making its acetylation u can synthesize aspirin, if u want it in 3 steps its also possible, use any synthetic chemistry book as vogels. Covers the entire syllabus for cambridge international examinations international as and a level chemistry 9701. A small amount of a strong acid is used as a catalyst which speeds up the reaction. The crude product was dissolved in approximately 5ml of ethanol in a 100ml conical flask. The aspirin will be prepared by reacting a weighed sample of salicylic acid with a weighed sample of acetic anhydride.
To prepare aspirin, salicylic acid is reacted with an excess of acetic anhydride. Formula, equations and amount of substance content 6. H 2 so 4 use a dropper, h 2 so 4 is highly corrosive and swirl the flask gently until the salicylic acid dissolves. Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid, has a chemical formula of c9h8o4. Practical 3 determination of an equilibrium constant. This reaction is the reverse of the synthesis reaction. Aspirin given shortly after a heart attack decreases the risk of death and is also used longterm to help prevent heart attacks, strokes, and blood clots, in people at high risk. The aspirin formed will be contaminated with acetic acid and must be purified by recrystallization. Solvent suitable for this recrystallisation process is a mixture of ethanol and water. If you ever find yourself lost in the woods and in need of pain relief, then a willow tree, a fire, and some water may be the answer. The production and manufacture of aspirin aspirin is one of the most consumed painkillers created up to this date due to its reliability and low expense. The production and manufacture of aspirin essay example.
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